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Archive for the tag “Kallie Moore”

How Plants Became Carnivorous

Carnivorous plants are rare and only develop in certain habitats, but they are perhaps the most intriguing example of flora on the planet. So fascinating that Charles Darwin published an entire book on them in 1875 after a decade or more of research. It  would take another 100-plus years before scientists could propose a definition of what counts as a carnivorous plant.

There are essentially two things that a plant has to do to be considered a carnivore: First, it has to have the ability to take in nutrients from dead prey and secondly, the plant has to have at least one adaptation that actively lures in, catches or digests its prey. But because this is nature, there are always exceptions to these rules.

So one of the nagging questions facing scientists is how and why does botanical carnivory keep evolving? It turns out that when any of the basic things that most plants need aren’t there, some plants can adapt in unexpected ways to make sure they thrive. Host Kallie Moore takes a deeper look into specifics and tells us how plants became carnivores in this episode of PBS Eons.

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The Cenozoic’s Coolest Fossils

The supervolcano we now call Yellowstone Park, was transformative, dynamic and dangerous, but it was also responsible for some of the continent’s most amazing fossil deposits during the Cenozoic Era. Host Kallie Moore elaborates on PBS Eons.

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When We First Walked

In 1978, fossilized footprints preserved in volcanic ash were discovered in Laetoli, Tanzania, by legendary anthropologist Mary Leakey, proving that our human ancestors were already striding across the landscape 3.6 million years ago.

The discovery was monumental, because it contradicted a long-standing idea about human evolution, perhaps debunking the theory that early humans developed a large brain before they stood up. Host Kallie Moore explains in this episode of PBS Eons.

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When Fish First Breathed Air

Four hundred million years ago, a group of fish would undertake one of the most important journeys in the history of life and become the first vertebrates to live on dry ground. But first, they had to acquire the ability to breathe air. So how did these animals, which had been adapted for millennia to life under water, learn how to breathe? PBS Eons host Kallie Moore takes an in-depth look at the group’s incredible journey.

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Snowball Earth

More than 600 million years ago, ice sheets covered our planet on both land and sea, with temperatures dipping to -130 degrees celsius. And there was no escaping the cold at the equator, where temperatures fell below zero!

Amazingly, this happened twice in the Cryogenian Period. So what happened? “The most popular theory is that our planet thermostat just failed,” says PBS Eons narrator Kallie Moore. “That thermostat is the carbon cycle, the flopping back and forth of carbon between the atmosphere and the Earth’s crust, and it starts with volcanoes.” Tune in to learn the details.

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The Missing Link That Wasn’t

When amateur archaeologist Charles Dawson came across some unusual human skull fragments in 1912 Piltdown, England, it was allegedly evidence of the earliest human ancestor ever found, a discovery that would forever change our understanding of human evolution. The find was hailed as a missing link, until it turned out to be fake. The venture came to be known in science circles as The Piltdown Man Hoax.

So yet another mishandling of fossil evidence dimmed the theory of the missing link. “There is no missing link in our lineage,” says PBS Eons host Kallie Moore. “That’s not how evolution works. Back then, the search for the missing link was just one more phase in our thinking of human evolution. The missing link was never missing. It turns out it had never existed at all.” She explains further in the following video.

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The History of Climate Cycles

The history of our climate is both complex and extreme. But if you look deeply into the geological record, you’ll find that the culprit is space. More specifically, Earth’s position in space, such as its orbit around the sun, and how far its axis is tilted and in what direction. Scientists have only recently determined that these factors change in cycles, which are counteracting and coinciding with each other, making our climate incredibly complex. PBS Eons host Kallie Moore elaborates.

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Powerful Legacy of Scale Trees

The vast majority of the electricity produced in human history have come from coal, which was produced from the remains of extinct organisms that have been exposed to millions of years of heat and pressure. But in the case of coal, these organisms consisted of some bizarre plants called lepidodendrales, or scale trees, which once covered Earth from Colorado to China. These powerful trees left a huge legacy, living and dying in large numbers, and forming carbon-rich peat that produced one of our most prolific energy sources. PBS Eons host Kallie Moore explains.

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The Age of Giant Insects

Although we call our time the Age of Mammals, we should call it the Age of Insects, because there are way more of them than there are of us. But we like to think we’re in charge because we’re bigger. Fact is, insects and other arthropods weren’t always so small. About 315 million years ago, during the Carboniferous Period, they were not only abundant but enormous. PBS Eons host Kallie Moore tells us their story.

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